A disc bulge or herniation can cause pain, numbness, tingling, and burning sensations due to irritation to the surrounding nerves. In the back, pain can travel to the buttocks or thigh, down the leg or into the feet. A disc herniation in the neck can produce symptoms in the arms or fingers, even in the mid-back. Pain may worsen with sitting, coughing, or sneezing.
What causes a disc herniation?
Most commonly, this is a process that place gradually over time. A vertebral disc relies on proper mechanical motion of the surrounding vertebral joints to ensure it receives proper nutrients . When the biomechanics of a spinal joint are compromised, the disc dehydrates or thins. Tears can form in the deteriorating disc leading to the disc bulging or herniating. The disc may then “pinch” exiting spinal nerves causing pain, numbness, tingling, weakness in the extremities. With continued wear and tear, arthritis of the joint may form and this is known as degenerative disc disease.
How is a disc herniation diagnosed?
MRI is the best way to evaluate a herniated disc. X-ray imaging can identify degeneration, changes in alignment or fractures. However an image of the spine does not reveal the entire picture of your condition. A complete history and physical exam is needed for the health care provider to assess if there is any nerve impingement leading to loss of function. This includes evaluation of reflexes, sensation, muscle strength, and orthopedic tests.
What conservative treatment options do you offer for disc herniations?
These can include but are not limited to: